![]() Obvious worked with an artificially intelligent system known as a generative adversarial network, or GAN. But Portrait of Edmond de Belamy did not spring fully formed from the neural network’s “mind.” Rather, it emerged out of a complex system where human actors continue to play a crucial role, although the story of their absence - and abdication of the arts - persists. While automatons are now largely digital, not strictly mechanical, they, too, seem to imperil the ostensibly humanist essence of art. The history of photography, for example, famously raised alarms about humans surrendering the arts to machines. When it comes to creative automatons, history shows we’ve been rehearsing the same hand-wringing about authorship and authenticity for over a century. Commonly, such works lead to the question, “Can a machine be creative?” But this question misses the mark.ĪI is the latest, most intangible incarnation of the automated arts. Machine learning is being used across art, science, and industry - from music production to space exploration - but its excursions into the creative economy have ignited the most controversy. This portrait embodies significant problems at the heart of AI’s recent cultural ubiquity. Offered at $10,000, the image went to an anonymous buyer for a jaw-dropping $432,000. Neither claim turned out to be true: significant human labor went into its making, and a set of AI-generated images had gone to auction at San Francisco’s Gray Area in 2016. ![]() Obvious oiled its promotional engine by misleadingly claiming it to be the first ever work of art created by AI to go under the hammer. Global media trumpeted the achievement as a stunning first. At the corner of the canvas, a mathematical equation ostentatiously replaced the traditional artist signature. Rendered in three-quarter profile against an indistinct background, the image mimicked conventions from Renaissance and Baroque portraiture. Titled Portrait of Edmond de Belamy, the murky image pictured a suited gentleman with a plain white collar. A trio of French students, calling themselves Obvious, put a smeared, unfinished portrait up for auction at Christie’s. LATE LAST YEAR, artificial intelligence made a loud splash in the art world.
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